Word: coppers
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...Great Britain, readjustment of the German-Turkish exchange rate, a long-term credit agreement. After three weeks of Dr. Clodius' noisy persuasions Turkey refused all four demands. Instead of getting the chrome and wheat he especially wanted. Dr. Clodius was obliged to take tobacco, olive oil, fats, copper. Instead of unloading the cameras and miscellaneous gewgaws he has usually dumped on frightened nations, Dr. Clodius agreed to deliver arms, heavy machinery, locomotives...
Latin America ships to the U.S. far more strategic materials than it wants back in finished goods. It provides the U.S. with 36% of its refined copper, wants back only about 6% of the U.S. supply. It furnishes 25% of U.S. zinc, wants 8%. Of lead it supplies 25%, wants 9%. It has been getting about one-fifth of its needs in these materials. It supplies the U.S. with raw aluminum, mercury, tungsten and antimony, but can get none back in manufactures...
...point was a war-inspired 300,000 tons in 1918, chiefly from now run-down oxide beds in Colorado. By 1934 ore production shriveled to 853 tons. It is now about 100,000 tons-10% of a year's needs-mostly turned out from carbonate by an Anaconda Copper subsidiary in Butte, Mont...
Manganese is used in small amounts by the copper, glass and dry-cell battery industries; but steel uses most of it; about 13 Ib. per ton. Its function in steelmaking is to collect the stray traces of sulfur which all carbon steels contain. The sulfur tends to combine with the iron to make iron sulfide, which collects in films among the crystals of hardening steel, prevents cohesion, makes it brittle, so that it cannot be forged and rolled. Manganese takes the sulfur away from the iron and the manganous sulfide which is formed collects in small globules throughout the metal...
Chief shortages are in copper (for wiring, plumbing), zinc (for galvanized tanks and pipes), iron & steel (for reinforcements, hardware, screens, heating equipment). In some districts, due chiefly to transport difficulties, there have been shortages of lumber, glass, cement. In Atlanta recently, a builder had to make a 40-mile trip to find nails. In Chicago, Contractor Charles Joern stopped taking new orders 30 days ago; John Lindop will give no guarantees of completion date, insists on an escape clause in all contracts. In San Francisco the Associated Homebuilders have contemplated a 75% curtailment...