Word: coptic
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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According to Fell the Pima Indians of the Southwest speak a Semitic tongue acquired from Iberian Punic colonists who came 2500 years ago, and the Zunis of Arizona speak a language derived directly from Libyan, with a vocabulary composed of elements from Coptic, Middle Egyptian, and Nubian...
...population, are akin to Eastern Orthodox Christians in liturgy and doctrine. As in other Eastern churches, monks play an important role, since only they can become bishops. While the number of monks in Western religious communities has declined by the hundreds during the past decade, the nine ancient Coptic monasteries of Egypt, almost deserted a few years ago, are now filled to overflowing. Though Egypt is identified with Islam, no place could be more appropriate for a monastic renaissance. It was in Egypt that monasticism first flowered, nurtured by the formidable example of the great 4th century anchorite, St. Anthony...
...current monastic revival-part of a general spiritual resurgence among Copts-has generated a broad enthusiasm among lay people. Coptic university students spend holidays in retreats at the monasteries. Some organize themselves into "families" attached to specific monasteries that they periodically join for prayer and work. Even after they leave the university, some young professionals choose the monastic life. The 50 monks of the monastery of St. Makarios, for example, include six physicians, five pharmacists and twelve engineers...
...spent 30 years in a remote sandstone cave and vanished on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1965. A wiry, wispy-bearded man known only as Abdel Messieh (Slave of Christ) the Ethiopian, he had a deep influence on two men who later became Patriarchs of Alexandria-Popes of the Coptic Church...
...ruled the church until 1971 as Pope Kyrillos VI. He reformed the monasteries through renewed austerity and discipline. The second was Kyrillos' successor, Antonius as Suriani, who currently heads the church as Pope Shenouda lII. Before becoming a monk, Pope Shenouda was once a lay teacher in the Coptic Sunday school movement, another church development that inspired renewed interest in monasticism. Even now Pope Shenouda retires each week to a mud-stuccoed hut in the des ert for a day or more of meditation and prayer...