Word: copyright
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...Polaroid instant-photography patents. In a $100 million trademark suit, Mirage Studios, creator of the hugely popular Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters, is demanding that AT&T refrain from using such terms as turtle power and cowabunga in a 900-number telephone service for kids. In a far- reaching copyright case, book publishers scored an important victory in March when a federal court in New York City fined the Kinko's Graphics national chain of copying stores $510,000 for illegally photocopying and selling excerpts of books to college students...
With millions of dollars in royalties at stake, sampling has become a legal quagmire. U.S. copyright law protects a composer from having his work duplicated by another musician. But what happens if the second party samples only a few seconds of a melody? Or just a fragment of drumbeat? "The latest copyright law went into effect on Jan. 1, 1978, and it was out of date pretty much the day it was passed," observes Jeffrey Light, a Beverly Hills-based entertainment lawyer. "Sampling is just another instance of the law not keeping up with technology...
Perhaps the copyright committee didn't really consider the merits of Lane's T-shirt. After all, naked Harvard can show off its endowment better...
Under the new ruling, copy centers like Kinko's must contact all copyright holders before making their works available in source-books and packets...
...suit, Basic Books v. Kinko's Graphics Corporation, was filed by eight textbook publishers in 1989 to clarify the Fair Use clause of the 1976 Copyright Act. Prior to this ruling, commercial establishments only had to receive permission to reprint those materials that were not covered under the Fair Use clause. The district court's reinterpretation of the clause requires approval for all copyrighted materials...