Word: copyrighted
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...software, even the systems software inside the computer, can be protected by copyright, but that does not stop dedicated pirates. Ric Giardina, general counsel of MicroPro, which publishes WordStar, estimates that as many as 20 fraudulent copies of a program may be made for every one sold. Manufacturers are aggressively defending their products. In February Lotus Development sued Rixon, a Silver Spring, Md., computer-accessory manufacturer, for $10 million, charging it made copies of Lotus' popular business program 1-2-3 for its own use. Declared Lotus President Kapor: "Software piracy is the theft of intellectual property." When...
Stephen A. Kroft, the lawyer representing Disney and Universal, claimed that Sony effectively "contributed" to copyright infringement since the Betamax could be used for unfair use. Under the fair-use doctrine certain forms of reproduction of copyright material are acceptable--as Section 107 of the Copyright Act of 1976 says: "for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship or research...
...content merely to suppose that individual Betamax users violate copyright when "time-shifting" certain shows. Kroft went still farther, calling for compensation from Sony and even a ban on Betamax use and sales. Closely questioning Kroft on this logic. Chief Justice Warren Burger asked if photocopying manufacturers would similarly be liable say "if Xerox or another maker advertises that this is a good way to copy books?" Said Kroft: "I would say that a seller of photocopying machines would be liable." In fact, under further questioning Kroft even suggested there would be copyright infringement even if Xerox...
...three members of the Court joined Justice Black man in supposing just nearly that. Tracing copyright law back to a constitutional desire to "Promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited time to Authors and Inventors the exclusive right of their respective Writings," Blackmun then concludes that "at least when the proposed use is an unproductive one, a copyright owner need only prove a potential for harm to the market for or the value of the copyrighted work...
...Blackmun and the three other judges pass roughly over their notions of "unproductive use" and potential harm "to the market for or the value of the copyrighted work." At the very least, the reproduction used by teachers and scholars may be useful for showing examples of television shows in a television criticism class for scholarship, teaching or research as defined by the copyright act itself. Whatever the original fears of Disney and Universal over the uses of Betamax, the remaining 90 percent or more of the industry has yet to express any legal challenge...