Word: cortex
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When finished, the normal six layers which should be present in the cortex were absent and "the distribution of cells seemed random at first," Tsai says...
...mutation caused younger cells to stop and not pass the older neurons. A gradient of increasingly older neurons toward the outside of the cortex resulted, which, according to Tsai, "effectively inverted the pecking order of the cortex...
...cerebral cortex, an intricately folded layer of neural tissue which is much larger and more complex in humans than in any other animal, is thought to be responsible for many of the so-called "higher brain functions"--such as the reasoning and logic capabilities which are unique to humans...
...cortex is arguably the greatest piece of engineering known. Scientists from all fields--ranging from embryology to computer science--strive to learn how its structure participates in the developmental program of our genes...
During embryonic development, millions of neurons mature over a period of a few days. Through a process which is not well-understood by scientists, these neurons grow to form the intricate connections that will become the cortex--which is organized into a pattern of six distinct layers...