Word: cortexes
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...twins have a dramatically higher chance of sharing ASP than do fraternal twins. Adrian Raine, a neuroscientist at the University of Southern California, has found that the brains of people with ASP look different from those of the rest of the population, with less gray matter in the prefrontal cortex, the part of the brain that regulates behavior and social judgment. Just last month University of Iowa neurobiologist Antonio Damasio reported findings from a study showing that early brain injuries affect the long-term ability to distinguish between right and wrong...
...neuroscientist. As a pediatrician, I was impressed by how much plasticity there really must be in the human brain. Pediatricians know that damage to the infant brain doesn't have the same outcome as damage to the adult brain. If a newborn has a stroke, even in the cortex [an area important to higher intellectual functions], he or she may sustain it and develop quite normally. The exact same injury would put an adult in a wheelchair. I wondered if the source of the brain's apparent plasticity was at the level of the single cell...
...print that his lab had removed stemlike cells from mouse brains and had grown them in a culture. Snyder then teamed up with Dr. Jeff Macklis, a colleague at Harvard Medical School who had engineered a strain of mouse whose neurons died off in a tiny region of the cortex where cells were not known to regenerate. Snyder injected the stem cells into the mice. Like heat-seeking missiles, the cells rapidly sought out the injured part of the cortex and transformed themselves into healthy neurons. "That's the beauty of stem cells," says Snyder. "You don't have...
...stem cells in the fetal human brain--has stood neuroscience on its head, so to speak. As has the latest finding, announced last month by researchers at Princeton, that adult macaque monkeys are constantly growing new cells in the highest and most complex area of the brain, the cerebral cortex. Snyder is now flush with confidence that neuroscience will ultimately cure many, if not all, diseases of the human brain. "By the year 2020 I hope we will have an active way of treating damaged brains. If we can further understand brain-cell regeneration and harness the process intelligently, then...
Their cases could, of course, be just medical oddities, but Damasio thinks otherwise. In his view, more subtle malfunctions of the prefrontal cortex, including physical or psychological trauma caused by childhood abuse, could be at the root of many troubled lives. If so, his two cases may explain a much wider societal problem that cries out for medical and psychological intervention...