Word: cortexes
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...inside the brain in an area called the hippocampus (after the Latin word for seahorse because of its arching shape). Acting as a kind of neurological scratch pad, the hippocampus stores the engrams temporarily until they are transferred somehow (perhaps during sleep) to permanent storage sites throughout the cerebral cortex. This area, located behind the forehead, is often described as the center of intelligence and perception. Here, as in the hippocampus, the information is thought to reside in the form of neurological scribbles, clusters of connected cells...
...Princeton University reported last year that the monkeys they studied seemed to be minting thousands of new neurons a day in the hippocampus of their brain. Even more jarring, Gould and Cross found evidence that a steady stream of the fresh cells may be continually migrating to the cerebral cortex...
...wiring. By measuring faint magnetic fields emitted by the brains of professional musicians, a team led by Christo Pantev of the University of Muenster's Institute of Experimental Audiology in Germany has shown that intensive practice of an instrument leads to discernible enlargement of parts of the cerebral cortex, the layer of gray matter most closely associated with higher brain function...
...brains of men and women as they tried to escape a 3-D virtual-reality maze and found that the sexes use different parts of the brain to process directions. Men relied on their left hippocampus and used geometry to find their way. Women used their right frontal cortex, trusting memory to keep landmarks in mind...
ATTENTION! Using a special MRI technique, researchers have mapped out regions of the brain involved in paying attention. The frontal cortex and parietal cortex--in the front and back of the brain, respectively--appear to light up when subjects focus on certain signals. Then, as the new stimuli are processed, the visual cortex in the lower rear of the brain moves into action. The finding may help researchers better understand attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and even schizophrenia...