Word: cosmically
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Cosmic radiation will not halt manned space flight, said Spaceman von Braun. The belt of radiation newly discovered by the Explorer satellites was unexpected, but most of it seems of low energy, and protection should be possible. Agreeing, Dr. Herbert York, chief scientist of the U.S. Defense Department's Advanced Research Projects Agency, said the belt is probably only several earth-diameters wide at most, not enough for a fatal radiation dose during a flight of several hours through...
...hollow bricks, Candela went on to study the reinforced-concrete forms developed by Spain's Eduardo Torroja and Switzerland's Robert Maillart. In 1950 Candela made his-mark by designing (with Architect Jorge González Reyna) a concrete shell for Mexico's University City Cosmic Ray Pavilion so precisely engineered that its minimum thickness where it had to carry little weight was cut to a mere five-eighths of an inch...
...sources of the radioactivity that batters man, fallout from nuclear weapons testing is the least. At current levels, it is less than 5% of radiation from natural sources. But this is small comfort: the total of all radiation, largely from rocks, body chemicals, cosmic rays and X rays, may already be at a dangerous level. So warned a 15-country United Nations scientific committee last week, after studying world radiation for 2½ years. Shunning politics, the experts voted against urging a ban on nuclear tests. As top scientists, they voiced a sobering opinion: "Even the smallest amounts of radiation...
...Cosmic Counter. The degree of cosmic radiation in space is a bafflement that earth satellites have so far only deepened. Geiger counters aboard Explorers I and III were so swamped that they choked up. The new Explorer IV, equipped with more specialized counters, reports that radiation doubles for every 60 miles over a threshold 250 miles beyond earth...
Explorer IV spotted two other puzzles. Cosmic radiation measured close to earth is fairly weak near the geomagnetic equator (where magnetic deflection is greatest), and strongest near the magnetic poles. At 1,200 miles above South America, the radiation hit Explorer IV at a heavy ten roentgens an hour-enough to give the human space traveler his top weekly X-ray dosage in about two minutes. And one Geiger counter inside the satellite, though coated with lead 1/16 in. thick, recorded 60% as many impacts as its unshielded mate, which in turn reported radiation almost as intense as that reported...