Word: cosmically
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Electronic equipment to flash to earth data on such matters as cosmic rays and gravitational pull will account for 80% of the weight. The skin of the hollow ball will be one-fiftieth of an inch thick. Jutting from the sphere's surface will be four collapsible antennas and a coupling device that will release the moon from the last of the three rockets needed to blast it into space (TIME...
...fission ought to take place, but excellent experimental men in the U.S. were unable for a considerable time to prove that it did. The first to prove it (in 1940) were two young Russians, Flerov and Petrzhak, who did their work (to protect their experiment from the intrusion of cosmic rays) in the depths of Moscow's ornate subway...
Pair of Creation. In 1932, physicists discovered that positive electrons (positrons) are created out of energy by cosmic rays. They can also be made artificially by high-energy gamma rays from radioactive elements. Positrons do not last long; as soon as one of them hits a normal electron, both particles are annihilated, turning back into the energy out of which they were made. But the proof that positrons exist was a victory for believers in nature's symmetry. Better still was the fact when a positron is created, it always appears in a "pair" with an ordinary negative electron...
...positive electrons exist, why not negative protons? Scientists searched for them for years in cosmic rays, but found only a few doubtful cases. They hoped to create them in the laboratory, but no existing cyclotron had enough power. It took the Berkeley Bevatron to create an antiproton out of energy. Like the positron, it, too, appears only paired with an ordinary proton, and destroys itself as soon as it collides with a proton...
...hunting ground for neutrinos is near nuclear reactors, from which, by the Fermi-Pauli theory, they stream in vast numbers. So Reines and Cowan took their apparatus to the AEC's Savannah River plant. They set it up in an underground room where it was sheltered from distracting cosmic rays but exposed to a flood of neutrinos from one of the great plutonium-producing reactors...