Word: cosmically
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Good Hope, its perigee a narrow 157 miles over Singapore. With so great a range of altitude, it will pierce both of the newly discovered Van Allen radiation belts (TIME. May 12, 1958 et seq.), collect comprehensive data on phenomena ranging from the earth's ionosphere to cosmic dust...
Ears & Eyes. Another possible hazard for space travelers is cosmic dust-micro-meteorites. Behind metal plates on the sides of Explorer VI, microphones listen for micrometeoric impacts, register their intensity and frequency. The problem of communication with future space probes or space argonauts is complicated by the fact that radio waves are distorted and deflected when they penetrate the shell of the ionosphere. The satellite carries equipment to study their behavior...
Latest discovered hazard, and potentially the most dangerous yet, was described last week by Physicists E. P. Ney, J. R. Winckler and P. S. Freier of the University of Minnesota, who specialize on observing cosmic rays by means of high-altitude plastic balloons. Last May 10 they heard from astronomers that an unusually powerful flare had erupted on the sun. As they readied their great balloons, a telephone call came from Alaska; Astrophysicist Harold Leinbach was reporting that his radio telescope at College (near Fairbanks) had detected a sudden blackout of radio noise from space. This indicated, said Leinbach, that...
...north of Minneapolis. At 60,000 ft. their instruments began to register intense blasts of radiation. Study of the instrument packages at the University of Minnesota showed that the radiation was made of speeding protons from the sun. The radiation was about 1,000 times as intense as the cosmic rays that normally come from space. Unlike the Van Allen radiation, which is made of solar protons that have been trapped by the earth's magnetic field and forced to zigzag around the earth, the balloon-detected particles came directly from the sun, crashing into the earth...
...July 14 another series of balloon-borne instruments detected an even hotter burst of radiation, about 10,000 times more intense than normal cosmic rays. Both the May and July radiation bursts, say the Minnesota scientists, came from the same disturbed region on the sun, which has been exploding for many months like a vast ammunition dump. As the sun rotates, flare after flare has sprayed streams of particles into space, sweeping the solar system like streams of water from a revolving lawn sprinkler...