Word: cosmonauts
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Ustinov earned the prestigious award a second time in 1961, from Nikita Khrushchev for his work in ensuring that the first man to orbit the earth was a Soviet cosmonaut, Yuri Gagarin. The irascible Soviet Premier valued Ustinov's managerial skills enough to appoint him First Deputy Premier and place him in control of the civilian economy in 1963. When Leonid Brezhnev took power, Ustinov returned to the defense industry and took charge of developing the Soviet Union's strategic bomber force and intercontinental ballistic missile system...
...made satellite, was launched, its thin, metallic beep announcing that the space age had begun. Since then, the Soviets have scored a notable string of other cosmic firsts: the first animal in space (a dog), the first man, the first woman. The first space walk was taken by a cosmonaut. The first pictures of the moon's hidden side were shot by an orbiting Soviet camera. The first simultaneous launch of two manned flights and the first three-man craft were also Soviet accomplishments...
...Cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova, who in 1963 became the first woman in space, was sick for most of her three days in or bit, and is reported to have panicked when she became ill. In 1970 her husband Andrian Nikolayev was one of two cosmonauts who set an 18-day space endurance record, in a craft that they could not stop from rotating, sometimes as often as one turn every six seconds. As a result, the cosmonauts on their return to earth had to be lifted from their couches and carried to an ambulance. The first Soviet space mission fatality occurred...
...Astronaut Kathy Sullivan had hoped that on a shuttle flight next October she would become the first woman to walk in space. Last week, however, Soviet Cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya, 36, beat her to it. Accompanied by the mission commander, Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Savitskaya spent 3 hr. 35 min. outside the Salyut7 space station, wielding an experimental tool to cut and solder metal plates. Shaped like a large camera, the all-purpose, hand-operated device emits a laser-like beam of electrons. Savitskaya and Dzhanibekov then switched roles, and she photographed him as he worked...
...first spacecraft in orbit, the first animal in space (a dog), the first man in space, the first woman in space, the first man to walk in space. And with this latest flight, Savitskaya has tallied yet another: the first woman to return to space. Two years ago, the cosmonaut-researcher conducted experiments in astrophysics, medicine and biotechnology aboard Salyut-7. Again an American was upstaged: Sally Ride was planning to become the first two-time female astronaut when she joined Kathy Sullivan on the shuttle this October...