Word: costigan
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...sole losers. They had only been pulling chestnuts out of the fire. They would drop, at least for the time being, only a small share of their tonnage to island refiners, but U. S. beet and cane growers would be without the extended protection of the expiring Jones-Costigan Act, which has helped keep U. S. sugar more than three times as high as the world market price...
...that point, inscead of hearkening to Mr. Babst's preliminary squawks, the New Deal froze the situation by dividing import quotas between refined and raw sugar. Mr. Babst was thankful to have the growth stopped but now with the Jones-Costigan Sugar Control Act coming up for extension, he wants the tropical refineries cut off altogether. Three U. S. refineries have been closed, says he, and most of the rest are operating far short of capacity...
Before the resolution came up in the Senate next day, peace-lovers, led by Senators Nye, Clark and Costigan, announced they would propose a series of amendments. Three amendments were offered, defeated. Senator Nye flew from Cleveland to Washington to argue for permanent neutrality legislation but arrived only in time to see the temporary act swiftly passed without a record vote...
...with notables. Down in front sat Pennsylvania's George Wharton Pepper, counsel for Hoosac Mills, with his client, Mr. Butler, beside him. Farther back sat Mrs. Pepper with an admiring eye on her frock-coated husband. On hand for the fun was Episcopal Bishop James Edward Freeman. Senator Costigan of Colorado had to stand. Down in front sat Attorney General Cummings and near him Solicitor General Stanley Reed who was to argue for the Government. The nine old gentlemen swished into their places at the bench with a majesty which even Bishop Freeman had to admire. First came...
Catalyst in the New Deal's complex rehabilitation formula was the Jones-Costigan Act, which established a quota system for both imports and domestic production. Hardly less important was a reduction in the tariff on Cuban sugar from 2? to nine-tenths of a cent per lb. Net result was a closed system (taking in the U.S., its insular possessions and Cuba), in which AAA could dictate supply, if not demand. Western sugar beet growers received a fat quota and benefit payment from a processing tax; duty-free producers in Hawaii, Puerto Rico and the Philippines got higher prices...