Word: costilla
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...first, Conquistador Hernán Cortés, landed near Veracruz A.D. 1519 with horses and 600 men, defeated the Aztecs under Montezuma because the Indians believed the Spaniards to be brothers of a neglected god. Spain ruled for nearly 300 years before Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a parish priest in the village of Dolores, led forth a ragged army of Indians under the banner of Mexico's own Virgin of Guadalupe, sparked an uprising that ended Spanish rule...
...came the inevitable uprising (actually touched off by a priest, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla), and for 50 years Mexico was a chaos of violence, weakness and naive hope. Under the iron dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz, the clergy briefly regained its privileges, but the revolutionary constitution of 1917 again swept the church aside in one angry, Marx-muscled blow. By 1928, only 197 priests were permitted in Mexico-out of 4,593 some four years before. One provincial governor tried to force priests to marry. Revolutionary generals rode into churches on horseback, smashing altars, and many churches were converted to movie...
...most familiar faces in Mexico is that of a priest with the resounding name. Miguel Gregorio Antonio Ignacio Hidalgo y Costilla. The father of Mexican independence, Hidalgo was shot by a firing squad in 1811 after leading a revolt against Spain, and since then every artist worth his salt has honored him with a portrait. Diego Rivera has shown Hidalgo's brooding visage in half a dozen murals; Jose Clemente Orozco depicted him with a flaming torch of liberty and counted the painting among his greatest works. The last of the big three to tackle Hidalgo is David Alfaro...
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