Word: cottons
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...little plan which even arch-isolationists were said to have approved and which the State Department immediately endorsed. "Within the next few days," said Senator Byrnes, the State Department would open negotiations for barter trade with Great Britain, Holland, and Belgium, swapping raw materials such as U. S. surplus cotton (TIME, April 10) to lay in "emergency stocks" of strategic materials (rubber, tin) in which those nations hold the world monopoly...
...California's highways during the last few years a tourist sometimes encounters a mysterious and appalling sight-thousands of jalopies, driven by hungry-faced men, bulging with ragged children, dirty bedding, blackened pots & pans. Hated, terrorized, necessary, they are migrant workers who harvest the orchards and vineyards, the cotton and vegetable fields of the richest valleys on earth. Their homes are filthy squatters' camps on the side roads, beside the rivers and irrigation ditches. Their occupational diseases are rickets, pellagra, dysentery, typhoid, pneumonia, starvation, sullen hatred exploding periodically in bloody strikes. Old American stock, they are mostly refugee...
...Promised Land, where they will live in "little white houses in among the orange trees." On the road some die and some wander off. Then, once in California, they become undeceived. The third of a million new arrivals are herded, persecuted, and starved into working in the fruit and cotton fields for mere crusts of bread. As Ma and their sometime preacher Casy say, it is only their anger that keeps them on their feet. The ranch owners thereby store up for themselves the ripening grapes of wrath that seem bound to ferment and burst into a fury of action...
...that this proposal conflicts with New Deal trade philosophy. By a similar plan, Adolf Hitler has so affronted the Administration that last month Secretary Morgenthau clapped an extra 25% duty on German exports proved to have been subsidized. Secretary of Agriculture Henry Agard Wallace is on record as opposing cotton export subsidies (although Federal Surplus Commodities Corp. has since July 1938 dumped 67,000,000 bushels of wheat abroad). But last week Cordell Hull and Henry Wallace no less than Franklin Roosevelt felt that King Cotton, overloaded by a bumper 1937 crop of 19,000,000 bales...
Liveliest opposition to the dumping plan came last week from the Senate Cotton bloc. South Carolina's Purge-proof Ellison D. ("Cotton Ed") Smith had another solution : to give farmers parity payments instead of loans after the present crop season, release the Government's holdings in 1940. And Alabama's John Bankhead had still another: let farmers buy back their hocked cotton for 3? a pound, sell it at a quick profit, promise to reduce their acreage correspondingly...