Word: counsel
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Justices who had split 4 to 4 in that case. His successor, Justice Fortas, made eloquently clear during the arguments that he views the court's "vexatious, tormented" decision no differently than he did when he was on the other side of the bench winning the right to counsel for Florida Indigent Clarence Gideon. Apparently, much like Goldberg, he sees the cases in terms of the Magna Carta-in terms of human liberty rather than "just convicting people." While that seemed to leave the Justices split about as before, court watchers also noted that Justice William J. Brennan remained...
...more interrogation. Ten days later, they persuaded Di Gerlando to finger Danny as the killer. Rushed back to headquarters along with Grace and Chan, Danny was hustled into an interrogation room with his hands manacled behind his back. No one warned him of his rights to silence and to counsel. Once more, Wolfson hurried to the station house. He and Danny got a brief glimpse of each other through a half-open door, but the police told the lawyer that Danny
When Kroll appealed Danny's case to the U.S. Supreme Court, his idea for an objective test of police procedure reached friendlier territory. In federal jurisdiction, the FBI routinely warns all suspects of their rights to silence and to counsel; if a federal suspect talks, the prosecution must prove that he "intelligently and knowingly" waived his rights. Moreover, the Supreme Court's 1957 Mallory rule bars prolonged federal interrogation. On arrest, a federal defendant must be taken "without unnecessary delay" before the nearest U.S. commissioner, who reiterates his rights and furnishes a lawyer if the suspect cannot afford...
...Supreme Court started moving inexorably toward a solution in Gideon v. Wainwright, which discarded "totality" as the test of whether indigents were entitled to free counsel in state criminal trials. By imposing on the states the Sixth Amendment right to counsel, Gideon set an objective standard: all indigents get free counsel in the courtroom...
...first to economics and later to law, in which he earned a degree at Georgetown University ('50) while working for the Treasury Department. In 1952, he became assistant to Stephen A. Mitchell, then chairman of the Democratic National Committee. He spent the eight Eisenhower years as assistant general counsel for the American Bankers Association and later as an attorney for First National Bank of Chicago. President Kennedy named him comptroller of the currency and gave him orders to start stirring things up. Saxon tripped at the outset by tangling with Bobby Kennedy's antitrust division at the Justice...