Word: counsel
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...underlying principle of fair trial, that it should be a truth-seeking contest between equal adversaries, has also been undermined by the cost of competent legal aid. Until 1963, when the Supreme Court's celebrated Gideon v. Wainwright ruling established the absolute right to counsel in serious criminal proceedings under state jurisdictions, the great majority of defendants had no lawyers because they could not afford them (60% still cannot). A disproportionate number of people wound up in jail or on death row largely because they happened to be poor, undefended and ignorant of their rights. In short, criminal justice...
...acre plantation near Georgetown, S.C., and there was generally a newspaperman in the crowd. If not, the press would usually get a tip from the late Herbert Bayard Swope, famed, dynamic executive editor of the old New York World, and for nearly 40 years both friend and public relations counsel to Baruch...
...other soon approaching that state." Beside him on the City Hall dais stood Duncan, 18, a prep-school senior, in a sports coat and chinos, and Robert Jr., 21, who will graduate from Harvard this week, in a dark suit. "They have a claim upon me for companionship and counsel which I must now grant," Wagner said...
Delighted Prosecutors. Speaking for the court, Justice Clark held that "the Constitution neither prohibits nor requires retrospective effect." The court is free to weigh retroactivity in terms of each decision's purpose. Decisions on coerced confessions and on the right to counsel, for example, aim to improve "the fairness of the trial-the very integrity of the fact-finding process." Such decisions have been made retroactive because they raise doubts about the actual guilt of the prisoners. By contrast, said Clark, prisoners convicted before Mapp are no less guilty for having been deprived of the exclusionary rule. Mapp...
...Retaliation." Though authorities dispute him, N.A.A.C.P. Counsel Jack Greenberg contends that 500 of North Carolina's 11,792 Negro teachers will lose their jobs this year. Eight Negro teachers in Asheboro, for example, have been dropped with the closing of all-Negro Asheboro Central High School, and no Negro has been hired to teach next fall at the city's other, and now only, high school. Fired Negro Teacher Louis H. Newberry, who holds a master's degree from New York University and has pursued graduate studies at the University of North Carolina, says bitterly: "I think...