Word: counseling
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Hour Shifts. On July 3, the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization, which embraces half the U.S.'s. 14,500 controllers and hires Lawyer-Pilot F. Lee Bailey as general counsel, announced that it would start playing everything by the book-a set of rules that controllers often ignore. By spacing planes four miles apart instead of the usual three, the controllers managed to slow traffic by 30%. Because private planes use up only half a runway, controllers usually allow them to land simultaneously with a jet on intersecting runways, a practice forbidden by the FAA. The old rule went...
...unpaid counsel for the defense in 1954 Fortas persuaded the District of Columbia Court of Appeals to adopt a broadened rule for criminal insanity ("An accused is not criminally responsible if his unlawful act was the product of mental disease or defect"). That rule brought the law, which had not been changed for more than a century, in line with modern psychiatry. The decision has induced other jurisdictions to redefine insanity...
...Under Secretary of the Interior and later as Puerto Rico's paid counsel in Washington, Fortas had long and intimate connections with the island, which he has called "my second home." Johnson dispatched him to Puerto Rico in April 1965 as a secret go-between to the exile government of the Dominican Republic. Under the assumed name of J. B. Davidson, Fortas established an office in the Governor's summer home and set up a liaison between Johnson and Juan Bosch, the Dominican ex-President. Later, J. B. Davidson helped arrange the Republic's free elections. As one of Johnson...
...most people, including the President no doubt, Fortas is a puzzling, enigmatic, even mysterious man. "I wouldn't be surprised," says one of his former law clerks, "if tomorrow I were to find out that Abe Fortas leads a secret life as a published poet in South America." Questioning counsel from the bench, he can be determined, abrupt, relentless in his search for the heart of a case. He can tear a poorly reasoned argument to tatters...
...Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) ruled that the state must provide free counsel for defendants who cannot afford a lawyer...