Word: counterattacks
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Hitler's top generals urged him to pull back from Normandy and establish a new defensive line on the Seine. Hitler refused. He ordered Field Marshal Günther von Kluge, his commander in the west, to launch an immediate counterattack against the American breakthrough force. Into this he flung not only the battered remnants of the Seventh Army but also the Fifteenth Army, which had been at the Pas de Calais awaiting the invasion that never came. Their mission: to cut through American lines to the port of Avranches and isolate the twelve American divisions that Patton had led south...
...long been part of the dogma of the nuclear age that the best defense is a good offense. That is what deterrence is all about: the other side is less likely to attack if its leaders know they will prompt a vastly destructive counterattack. A corollary to the dogma of "offense-dominated" deterrence is that there is nothing more provocative and destabilizing than a strategic defense. The more one superpower tries to protect itself against attack, the more the other side will try to improve its offensive weapons to be sure it can overwhelm and thwart those defenses. Thus...
...attacks by the Soviet Union. Chemical and biological weapons are qualitatively different from other types of weaponry. A sudden, widespread breakout of mysterious disease--experienced by 50,000 Locations in the period 1976-80 and thousands of Afghan tribesmen since 1980--would not prompt an immediate conventional or nuclear counterattack. Instead, delays would result from time consuming investigation doubt even sickness among the commanders. Faced with such scenarios, and with hard evidence denied by no one (including the Russians) that the Soviet chemical and biological weapons industry employs over 1,00,000 people and busies 14 industrial complexes, the Reagan...
Haig sees it quite differently. His memoir is not just a defense of his record as Secretary of State, but a blistering counterattack against those former colleagues he blames for bringing him down and for thwarting his policies. Caveat: Realism, Reagan and Foreign Policy, to be published shortly (Macmillan; 384 pages; $17.95), takes its title from the Latin for "warning." The word underscores Haig's argument that the experience of the past three years offers a cautionary lesson in how not to conduct American foreign policy...
...launched a counterattack. At a congressional hearing last week, oil company executives denounced the measure. Said Gulf Chairman James E. Lee: "The moratorium would be devastating for Gulf. It would put us in limbo." Added Socal's Keller: "It would be a case of trying to solve a nonproblem with a sledgehammer." Mobil's Tavoulareas sent telegrams to all 535 members of Congress urging that Mobil's purchase of Superior Oil not be stopped...