Word: coupes
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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After more than three centuries of Dutch colonial rule, Indonesia declared its independence in 1945. For the next 20 years, the nation was governed by its first President, the mercurial, left-leaning Sukarno. After a bloody, abortive Communist coup in 1965, Sukarno's power waned, and he was eased out of office two years later by Suharto, an army general. The conservative, strongly anti-Communist Suharto earned a reputation as "the father of development," resurrecting a faltering economy with the aid of the 1970s oil boom. The son of a farmer, Suharto helped increase agricultural production, finally enabling the nation...
After the attempted coup, 500,000 or more actual or suspected Communists, most of them of Chinese descent, were killed, and an additional 1.5 million Communist sympathizers were jailed or interned on remote islands. In the mid- 1970s, Suharto's regime invaded and ultimately annexed the former Portuguese colony of East Timor; the struggle led to the death of 100,000 Timorese...
...from a period of isolation and depression that followed his expulsion from power. While qualifying his remarks with expressions of gratitude to his American hosts for granting him asylum, the former leader insisted that he had intelligence reports indicating that "some Americans had helped in the preparation of the coup." He continued: "We cannot confirm it, but it included plans to assassinate both the First Lady...
Marcos charged that the U.S. State Department had dispatched a "special team" to the Philippines as early as last December to help some groups in the Philippines prepare a coup attempt. He said the plotters' preparations included the importing of equipment and arms through the intercession of Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile. Marcos claimed that the coup was discovered just before the Feb. 7 election, and "we planted several of our officers inside, so we got all the details." It was subsequently aborted, he said, "because we immediately dispersed all the units that were commanded by their people...
...Reagan Administration vigorously denied that it had played any part in the coup. A U.S. State Department official, responding to the charge that the U.S. and Enrile had plotted to overthrow Marcos, unleashed a single expletive that he later softened to "Balderdash...