Word: courtly
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Dates: during 1920-1929
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With all their disadvantages, the old panaceas for more courts, more Supreme Court justices, divisional sittings, have been revived since the Great War. Failing a Lord Chancellor (equivalent to a Ministry of Justice), leadership for reform is unofficial, and the less effective. Constant reform, however, is inevitable: "Law and courts are instruments of adjustment...
...History. It was in 1775, says Mr. Hughes, that Washington addressed the Continental Congress: "Should not a court be established by authority of Congress to take cognizance of prizes made by the Continental vessels?" The prize vessels got their court, and were forgotten. But the federal court has persisted for a century and a half, and culminates in the present Supreme Court which is designed to maintain the necessary balance 1) between State and Nation; 2) between individual rights as guaranteed by the constitution and social interest as expressed in legislation...
Authors Frankfurter and Landis analyze the political, social and economic forces that have produced changes in the federal judicial system. With the Civil War, the triumph of nationalism over "states' rights" enlarged the jurisdiction of the federal courts, modified and expanded their structure. Tremendous increase in industry so flooded their dockets that a separate court was created for customs appeals, and another for regulation of railways and other great national utilities. Involved in politics, this latter (a Commerce Court not to be confused with the Interstate Commerce Commission) was short-lived...
...Significance. It has been said that the nine men on the Supreme Court at Washington are the real rulers of this country. Be that as it may, their position is such that the alert U. S. citizen should know the extent of their power. Though both the present volumes are concerned with restricting the business of the Supreme Court they do not propose to restrict its jurisdiction, but rather the amount of its work, so that the Court may be increasingly powerful. Hughes emphasizes the Court's deliberate determination to confine itself to its judicial task (maintaining of course...
...Authors. Since graduating from Columbia Law School in 1884 Charles Evans Hughes has been, successively, able attorney, Governor of New York, justice of the Supreme Court, republican candidate for the presidency, Secretary of State. Another of his distinguished titles is "Honorary Bencher of the Middle Temple" (London...