Word: courts
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...affirm black pride, many black Americans have adopted African names. One who sought to formalize the change in court, however, ran into unexpected opposition. Robert Lee Middleton, a 25-year-old student at the New York City Community College in Brooklyn, wants to be known as Kikuga Nairobi Kikugis. He explained to New York Civil Court Judge Irving Smith that he plans to teach African culture after graduation and would like to have a name appropriate to such a career. The petition has just been denied...
...name would mislead the petitioner's future students, the judge said that other black Americans are teaching African culture "without resort to such subterfuge as changing their patronymics." Besides, he went on, Middleton is "a fine American name." Despite the decision, the future teacher is determined to get court approval for becoming Kikuga Nairobi Kikugis. He hopes to find a more receptive judge than Irving Smith-whose immigrant forebears' name was changed when they came from Poland...
...Nixon Administration, which seems determined to prove itself tougher on antitrust policy than the Democrats were, has lost an important round in its fight against corporate bigness. Last week a federal court refused to stop International Telephone & Telegraph, the largest conglomerate, from going ahead with one of the biggest mergers in U.S. history-the acquisition of Hartford Fire Insurance Co. The combination would raise ITT's assets by 50%, to more than $6 billion...
Changing the Standards. The Justice Department's request for a preliminary injunction to stop the merger was denied by Judge William H. Timbers of the federal district court in New Haven. He rejected the trustbusters' argument that economic concentration is illegal under the Clayton Antitrust Act. Timbers ruled that the law bars only mergers that lessen competition and said that if the standard is to be changed, it ought to be done by Congress rather than the courts. Attorney General John Mitchell finds alarming the fact that the 200 largest U.S. companies control 58% of the manufacturing assets...
Executives usually refuse to comment publicly when their companies are in court, but Harold Geneen, the combative chairman and president of ITT, spoke up only two days after the court decision. In a speech in Manhattan, he called Mitchell's statistics "carefully selected but unfortunately misleading." He pointed out that the asset concentration among the top 140 companies in 1963 was the same as it had been in 1932. Geneen also contended that the real antitrust issue is the specific amount of concentration of power within an industry and that the conglomerate approach of buying into many industries does...