Word: crackdowns
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...same time, even under the pressure of relentless Russian military action, many Chechen commanders had vigorously resisted efforts by Qaeda emissaries to enlist their men in schemes to attack U.S. targets in Russia. Still, the bitterness and despair engendered by the five year crackdown have seen Islamist influence grow. This is manifested in the emergence of suicide bombers, although the Chechens depart from conventional Qaeda practice by using women in this role - a habit learned, perhaps, from the secular nationalists of Sri Lanka's Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam, the movement that claims authorship of suicide bombing as a terror...
...Russian observers see the latest wave of attacks as further evidence of a qualitative shift in the conflict. Putin's crackdown, which began with a full-scale military invasion of Chechnya in 1999, has not only failed to deliver on his promise to eliminate the nationalist rebellion in the largely Muslim territory; it has altered the nature of that rebellion, hardening its fighters, narrowing the differences between secular nationalists and radical Islamists, and putting the Islamists in the driving seat. Having failed to drive Russian forces out of Chechnya via guerrilla warfare, the rebels have resorted to a wider offensive...
...helm. Even in its most explicitly jihadist form, Chechen terrorism is a homegrown affair, although factions of the Chechen separatist movement have received financial and political support from Qaeda-aligned elements abroad - and a handful of Arab mujahedeen have long played a role in the Chechen insurgency. The Russian crackdown, which began late in 1999 as Putin sent in troops to reverse the autonomy granted the region by former President Boris Yeltsin following a series of unsolved apartment bombings in Moscow - a brutal campaign that struck a popular chord and served as the would-be president's introduction to Russian...
...parts of the world under its own global banner. The Chechen insurgency is, first and foremost, a nationalist struggle to secede from Russia, and the rise of a more extremist and Islamist element within that insurgency is, in part, an effect of the often indiscriminate brutality of the Russian crackdown, and Moscow's rejection of any political dialogue with the secular-nationalist leadership under Aslan Mashkadov, whom Moscow had previously recognized as the president of Chechnya...
...STRIPPED. AUGUSTO PINOCHET, 88, Chilean President from 1973 to 1990; of immunity from prosecution in a 9-8 vote by the nation's Supreme Court; in Santiago. The decision paves the way for a possible indictment on charges of human-rights abuses for a crackdown on dissidents in the 1970s and '80s in which at least 19 Chileans are believed to have died. The general's lawyers have argued that he is physically and mentally unfit to stand trial...