Word: cracow
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...with the West. One of the hardiest roots has been the long Polish tradition of abstract art, some of whose practitioners date their conversions back to the days of early cubism and Russian constructivism. Even six years of Nazi occupation failed to eradicate it; a 1945 victory exhibition in Cracow abounded in fantastic expressionist and nonobjective canvases. Though this first frantic flowering was followed by a wintery decade of tough Stalinist socialist realism, Polish painters worked in secret. "For the mass of the people, the stumbling block between themselves and the regime was their Catholicism," a recent U.S. visitor noted...
...proclaim its opposition to the Gomulka slate, allowing Catholic voters to vote as they pleased within the narrow choices offered them. Though no real opposition party is allowed, voters are permitted to pick from a slate of state-approved candidates, most of whom must be Communist. In Cracow, a Catholic candidate won more votes than Communist Premier Josef Cyrankiewicz, who was on the same list, and in Wroclaw, a Catholic got more support than Gomulka's Foreign Minister Adam Rapacki...
Warsaw is drab and still rubble-strewn, but memorable. The ancient capital of Cracow retains its medieval splendor. So does Prague, with its beautiful setting; on the Moldau, hotels are good (single: $11.75 per day with meals). Bureaucracy controls: the hotel costs must be paid before the tourist can use his visa. A four-day tour of Bohemian spas and castles costs $38.20 with meals...
...sprawling steelworks, and hence would need no church. But the devout peasants recruited from the countryside to man Nowa Huta's machines were not so easily weaned from their Catholic faith. Most simply got up an hour earlier on Sundays to make the long tram ride into Cracow for Mass. Finally, Party Boss Wladyslaw Gomulka bowed to pressure, announced that the 100,000 people of Nowa Huta could have a church after all. The site selected was an open, grassy site at the corner of Marx and Lenin streets, amid the scores of shabby new apartment buildings. A wooden...