Word: crain
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...fact, since the onset of widespread desegregation in 1971, black 17-year-olds have closed roughly a third of the reading-score gap that separated them from whites. A soon-to-be-released study by Debora Sullivan and Robert L. Crain of Teachers College, Columbia University, reports that among 32 states, the gap between black and white fourth-grade reading scores is narrowest in West Virginia and Iowa, where blacks are least isolated from whites, and largest in Michigan and New York, where blacks are the most racially isolated...
...Crain and others have found, however, that academic-achievement tests are only one measure of what schools offer--another important one being what researchers call "life chances." The "great barrier to black social and economic mobility is isolation from the opportunities and networks of the middle class," Crain says. School desegregation puts minority students in touch with people who can open doors to colleges and careers...
...Hartford, Connecticut, nearly all of them black, were offered the opportunity to attend school in a dozen virtually all-white suburbs. Sixteen years later, researchers tracked down more than a thousand of those who had been tapped for the program and a like number of those who had not. Crain found that males in the test group were significantly more likely to have completed two or more years of college and less likely to have dropped out of high school or got in trouble with the police, and females were less likely to have had a child before...
OFFENSE PositionLettermen Candidates Tight End Kevin Collins Pat Boultinghouse Mike Oeth Split End Mark Bianch Chris Mann Rodney Taylor Tackle Gerald Mahon Tom Callahan Gerald Pecora Mike Zweber Guard Buz Crain Steve Connolly Mike Sukal Joe Zupanic Center Mike Bertuccio Darrin Duda Josh Fischer Quarterback Tim Perry Chris Salvaterra Pete Bassett A. Lazarre-White Tom Priore Fullback Art McMahon Chuck Greene Wingback Jim Reidy David Haller Bert Smyers Halfback Silas Myers Arthony Cutone Andy Belll David...
OFFENSE PositionLettermen Candidates Tight End Kevin Pat Boultinghouse Mike Oeth Split End Mark Bianchi Chris Mann Rodney Taylor Tackle Gerald Mahon Tom Callahan Gerald Pecora Mike Zweber Guard Buz Crain Steve Connolly Mike Sukal Joe Zupanic Center Mike Bertuccio Darrin Duda Josh Fischer Quarterback Tim Perry Chris Salvaterra Pete Bassett A. Lazarre-White Tom Priore Fullback Art McMahon Chuck Greene Wingback Jim Reidy David Haller Bert Smyers Halfback Silas Myers Anthony Cutone Andy Bell David...