Word: cramming
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This basic premise of the Bureau is what distinguishes it so markedly from the commercial tutoring schools which were banned from the University by faculty vote in 1940. The "tute" schools were designed only to cram a student through a course, and considered themselves most successful when a student came back for more. The Bureau, however, tries to make the student independent of further help...
Originated in 1886 by William Whiting ("The Widow") Nolen '84, the tutoring business grew up rapidly. In the early 1930's, half a dozen cram bureaus vied for the Harvard trade from their quarters in the Square, dishing out a New Deal in educational methods. The genteel monopoly established by the Widow was transformed into a sharply competitive business whose practices were often quite unethical. A number of devices were used: ghost-writing papers, spotting or stealing exam questions, recommending "gut" courses, bribing monitors for class lists, hijacking lecture notes, and summarizing texts in violation of copyright laws...
During the era in which the cram parlors flourished, the University took a strong verbal stand against them, but backed it up with little direct action. University Hall issued feeble protests and assumed a general air of helplessness and indifference for some time, while the "academic hijackers" were eating away at the vitals of the educational system...
...years as a single CRIMSON editorial campaign." When the University finally decided to abolish tutoring schools in 1940 we lost about half of our regular student audience," laments Stanley Summer, manager of the UT. "Students became afraid to go the movies every day without having any cram schools to prepare them for finals...
Designed by Ralph Adams Cram, the Chapel architecture is a combination of late Romanesque and Norman features. Inside, the grey walls are high and long, giving the Italian marble choir and altar a sense of depth. Stained-glass windows deck the clerestory, portraying the Virgin Mary (west window) and leaders in monastic history. Before construction of the Chapel commenced, 84 concrete pillars some 20 feet long were driven into the ground to insure a sturdy foundation...