Word: crater
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...moon's surface, including the far side which is hidden from earth, and measured the solar wind, the constant streams of particles that flow away from the sun. His most important observation may well have been a visual one: he described large globs of material near the Crater Mandelshtam that provided scientists with the first evidence of ancient lava flows on the moon's far side...
Incredible Geology. Touchdown will take place on an undulating mountain-ringed plain near the large crater Descartes (named in honor of the 17th century French philosopher and mathematician). The region is farther south of the lunar equator and at a higher elevation than any earlier landing site (about 8,000 ft. above Apollo 11 's Tranquility Base, 150 miles to the northeast). Far more significant is the geological diversity of the landing area. It may contain three basically different types of material: 1) original crustal rock dating back to the moon's birth some 4.6 billion years...
What doomed them was a catastrophe that rose from the bowels of the earth. Some time about the year 1500 B.C., Santorini exploded. The whole center of the island blew skyhigh. Not long afterward the sea rushed in to fill the red-hot wound of the crater. These two events produced what may well have been the most vast and terrible natural disaster ever to take place in the time that human beings have existed on the earth...
Santorini's caldera, or crater, is five times the size of Krakatau's. Quarry operations have disclosed that the ash blanket at Santorini reached a depth of 160 feet as against a few inches at Krakatau. For these reasons and others, geologists assume that the Santorini explosion must have had three or four times the force of Krakatau's. Within a very brief span of time, apparently, Santorini released energy estimated to be equivalent to the blast from a 400-megaton nuclear bomb...
Today, several of its buildings are once again in ruins. Only a huge crater in the yellow clay-colored soil remains where the traditional medicine building once stood. Four patients were killed, blown apart. Three days after the attack the staff found the head of one patient 150 meters from the crater. Hardly any sign of the building remains...