Word: creationism
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Judeo-Christian tradition introduced a radically different concept. The earth was the creation of a monotheistic God, who, after shaping it, ordered its inhabitants, in the words of Genesis: "Be fruitful and multiply, and replenish the earth and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the fowl of the air and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth." The idea of dominion could be interpreted as an invitation to use nature as a convenience. Thus the spread of Christianity, which is generally considered to have paved the way for the development...
...East had been pushing the U.S. toward a dialogue with the P.L.O. Shultz had repeatedly carried his American peace plan around the region in his own version of shuttle diplomacy last spring. The centerpiece of the plan was an end to Israeli occupation of Gaza and the West Bank, creation of an undefined "homeland" for Palestinians, and an international conference at which negotiations to achieve these ends would begin. But each effort ran up against Israeli objections to a conference even before any answer could be found to the question of who should speak for the Palestinians...
This emblematic world is at full intensity in the Met's own The Creation, and the Expulsion of Adam and Eve from Paradise by Giovanni di Paolo, circa 1445. God the Father hurtles down from heaven, supported by blue cherubim and bowling before him an immense wheel depicting the concentric divisions of the universe -- the earth, the spheres of water, air and fire, those of the seven planets, the zodiac and the dark blue primum mobile. On the right, an angel chivies our first parents -- pale, forked creatures -- out of a tapestry paradise of emblematic plants...
...stories of In the Beginning (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich; $18.95) are far older than Grimm's. Each concerns the creation of the world, and Virginia Hamilton gives every culture equal time and space. The Hurons speak of a woman who started things by falling from a torn place in the sky. The first man, say the Eskimos, hatched from a pea pod. The ancient Chinese venerated a giant who burst from a vast egg. Barry Moser's illuminations treat these legends with dignity and delicacy, and go on to show dozens of other prime movers, including a feathered serpent, an octopus...
Chandler's most immortal creation -- co-produced by Humphrey Bogart -- was the quixotic figure of the gumshoe, Philip Marlowe, private eye and public conscience, sitting behind his pebbled-glass door with an office bottle and a solitary game of chess. What made Marlowe special was simply the fact that he was nothing special, no genius like Sherlock Holmes, no Connoisseur model like James Bond. Just an underpaid drudge with, as one mobster says, "no dough, no family, no prospects, no nothing" -- except a habit of making other people's worries his own, and a gift for walking in on corpses...