Word: creationism
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...come, but cheering crowds hailed him all along the route from his home at Mount Vernon. In Philadelphia, Washington soon went to call on his old friend Benjamin Franklin, now 81 and gout-ridden, who traveled around Philadelphia in the city's first sedan chair, a glass-windowed Parisian creation carried by four prisoners from the Walnut Street jail. Franklin, who knew Washington's tastes well, had a cask of porter ready...
Still ahead lay nine months of bitter debate before the necessary nine states ratified what had been written that summer in Philadelphia. Ahead lay the creation of the Bill of Rights. Ahead lay the Civil War, which led to the 13th Amendment, finally abolishing slavery. And the 19th Amendment declaring that women have the right to vote. But on this 17th day of September 1787, Washington wrote in his journal: "The business being closed, the members adjourned to the City Tavern, dined together and took a cordial leave of each other; after which I returned to my lodgings . . . and retired...
Ronald Reagan is no constitutional scholar. But he is a creation of the conservatism of the 1950s, which was founded on a new constitutional argument: that liberalism had gone beyond written authority, and the courts had allowed it. Reagan read a lot from The Federalist in those years and developed a special fondness for many of the Constitution's tenets. Speechwriter Tony Dolan once remarked to the President that federalism "promotes" creativity in a society. "No," Reagan cautioned him, "federalism permits creativity...
...Soviets are living under their fourth constitution. The first, adopted in July 1918, attempted to lay out the structure of the Soviet government without even mentioning the Communist Party. The 1924 constitution, which formally recognized the creation of the multinational Soviet Union, gave individual states the right to secede -- a fiction that remains in the current text. The 1936 revision, known as the Stalin constitution, theoretically expanded personal freedoms at a time when the dictator's Great Terror was sweeping the country. The current version was adopted in 1977. One of its key changes: the right to sue the state...
Writing for the majority, Justice William Brennan declared that the Louisiana requirement ran afoul of the First Amendment's ban on laws "respecting an establishment of religion." He found that creation science "embodies the religious belief that a supernatural creator was responsible for the creation of humankind." Therefore, he concluded, the statute's mandate that it be taught "advances a religious doctrine" and "seeks to employ the symbolic and financial support of government to achieve a religious purpose...