Word: crimes
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...Supreme Court Justice Robert Houghwout Jackson, chief U.S. prosecutor of war crimes, last week's declaration was a personal victory. He had argued long & loud that a war of aggression must, per se, be considered a crime...
...Three, with the addition of France, finally decided what constituted a war crime. Three categories were established, all punishable by death...
...Crimes against humanity; i.e., murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, or persecution on political, racial or religious grounds in the execution of or in connection with any crime within the jurisdiction of the tribunal...
...agreement made other milestones in international law. One was that entire organizations, such as the SS, could be adjudged guilty collectively. Another was that obedience to orders from above was no excuse. Loopholes such as this had nullified most war-crime trials after World War I (of 896 Germans accused, only six were convicted...
Behind the delay in London were such fundamental questions as juridical responsibility of heads-of-state and their higher subordinates, and whether the act of aggressive war should be considered a crime in itself. But narrower legal points had accounted for most of the recent discussion. Example: should the indictments be short (Anglo-American practice), or an almost complete statement of the prosecution's case (Continental practice)? A French expert described the resulting compromise: "A Continental lawyer looking at the document will object because it is based on Saxon law; a Saxon lawyer will claim it's based...