Word: crispus
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...role in U.S. history and culture, many historians now concede, raises serious doubts about their own past techniques and insights. At the same time, universities are fighting the temptation-created by black student pressure-to romanticize the Negro past. Attempts to exaggerate the role of a Negro like Crispus Attucks, who was killed in the Boston Massacre, can be misleading. "He was just a street hoodlum who happened to get in the way of a bullet," says Notre Dame Historian James Silver, an expert on the U.S. South (Mississippi: The Closed Society...
...list starts in 1492, when Pedro Nino ventured to the New World with Columbus. Negroes followed with almost all of the Spanish conquistadors, and Estevanico (Little Stephen), a Spanish Negro, led the expedition that discovered what is now Arizona and New Mexico. Crispus Attucks, a runaway slave, was the first American killed in the Revolution; 5,000 Negroes fought under Washington...
...some newspaper accounts of the Boston Massacre of March 5, 1770, in which a Negro, Crispus Attucks, was the first to die. "On that night," John Adams wrote, "the foundation of American independence was laid." The Museum has, furthermore, gathered a sizable amount of material relating to the dedication on November 14, 1888, of an imposing monument to Attucks, which may still be seen on the Boston Common...
Perils & Glory. Individual Negroes have shown valor in every war: Crispus Attucks was the first American to die under British fire in the Boston Massacre; Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry, himself perhaps part Negro, mustered many colored sailors aboard his men-of-war in 1812; a battalion of 600 Negroes turned the tide at the Battle of New Orleans by defeating British General Pakenham's seasoned Napoleonic veterans. Andrew Jackson paid them a glowing tribute: "To the Men of Color -Soldiers! I invited you to share in the perils and to divide the glory of your white countrymen. I expected...
...Crispus Attucks. Negroes have fought alongside white Americans since 1638, when Massachusetts settlers battled the Indians. Crispus Attucks, a runaway slave, was the first man shot in the Boston Massacre, the prelude to the Revolutionary War, and some 186,000 Negroes marched with the blue in the Civil War. Yet they were nearly always segregated and distrusted in combat. In World War I, the Navy used them only as messmen, while the Marine Corps excluded them altogether. In World War II, though a few Negro units distinguished themselves in combat, Negroes in all the services were mostly confined to supply...