Word: criterion
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...test scores. Despite the vast quantities of evaluation that schools supply about National Merit Scholarship candidates, the scores seem to be crucial. The Center for the Study of Higher Education administered some personality tests to students after National Merit made its scholarship awards, and discovered that while a criterion called Complexity of Outlook distinguished winning girls from the runners-up, Scholastic Aptitude scores were the only other significant difference between either male or female winners and those...
ARDREY, as we have seen, replaces the modern concept that all human behavior is environment-determined, by his territoriality and dominance drives. If, however, we grant that man is derived from a predatory stock of vicious man-apes, and that the one criterion of his culture since has been the ever developing weapon, then we must abandon the view that man is innately good. Instead of seeing civilization as a corrupting force, it must be, if anything, a force that keeps man's savage predatory nature in check...
...language is useful for scholarly research, Harvard should teach it; for example, Dutch (which Harvard doesn't teach) is invaluable for students of Fine Arts. And Harvard should teach living languages, so that its graduates may communicate with other men. This last is clearly the broadest and loosest criterion. Plainly, since even teaching all the living tongues is also beyond its means, Harvard should select those languages which matter most in today's world--those which represent thriving cultures (like modern Greek, which we don't teach), and those which many people speak...
Since the fifth century, Chinese art has been guided by the Six Principles of Painting formulated by Hsieh Ho. It is extremely remarkable to the Western viewer that such a philosophy has survived and still serves as a criterion for judging art; the West has no comparable set of principles but has known many. To the Chinese, the endurance of Hsieh Ho's Six Principles is no oddity; the principles provide a general framework within which the artist may work freely. At the same time the principles enable the viewer to approach the individual works with more sensitivity...
...very beast he wished to paint. Then, his imagination stirred, he would seize his brush and paint the tiger or dragon, having identified himself with the essence of the subject. Whether the Chinese painter meditates quietly on his subject or applies himself violently to the task, the criterion of art is met only when the artist has "captured the beast"--the essential vitality of the subject...