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...Crocker has found that flavor and smell are more closely related than most people heretofore realized: if one holds his nose, for example, an apple tastes much like an onion...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Science: 6423=A Rose | 11/22/1943 | See Source »

...Chemist Crocker, who is pioneering a new science of the senses, works in the top-flight Arthur D. Little industrial laboratory.* In classifying his vapory perceptions, he reduces all odors to four basic ones: fragrant (e.g., animal musk), acid (vinegar), burnt (roasted coffee), caprylic (goaty or sweaty). Each is further classified in eight degrees of strength. These basic smells in various combinations make up thousands of different odors, most of which Crocker can recognize at one sniff...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Science: 6423=A Rose | 11/22/1943 | See Source »

What's in a Name? In analyzing smells, Crocker sniffs for each basic component, like an orchestra conductor listening for specific instruments, then describes the total effect by numbers. Thus, the Crocker description of a rose is 6423, representing the relative strength of its fragrant, acid, burnt and caprylic components, respectively...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Science: 6423=A Rose | 11/22/1943 | See Source »

...synthesize nutmeg, Crocker analyzed the natural spice with his tongue and nose, then tried hundreds of chemical combinations to get the right shades of odor and flavor. The result was a compound of more than 40 different ingredients, including several varieties each of phenols, alcohols, esters and aldehydes. All these were mixed in a meal ground to nutmeg's consistency...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Science: 6423=A Rose | 11/22/1943 | See Source »

Apple or Onion? Crocker's interest in analytical smelling began when he worked with odorous gases in the Chemical Warfare Service in World War I. He has since applied his uncanny skill to many an industrial smelling problem, from perfumes to inks. Once a manufacturer of metal heating utensils showed Crocker a sample, asked why it smelled bad. Crocker sniffed, then astonished the manufacturer by describing accurately all six stages in the finishing of the article (washing with kerosene, buffing with a cotton polisher...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Science: 6423=A Rose | 11/22/1943 | See Source »

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