Word: croesus
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...accidental discovery of a heap of pottery in a dry stream bed led to the uncovering of the new quarter of houses, which extend far south from the main valley of the Hermus River. The find indicates that in the sixth century B.C., the approximate time of Croesus's reign, 50.000 people lived in Sardis...
...years, businessmen and politicians have worshiped economic growth. Today that idol is tarnished by inflation and pollution. "We get richer and richer in filthier and filthier communities," John Gardner, chairman of the Urban Coalition, said last week in Washington, "until we reach a final state of affluent misery -Croesus on a garbage heap." Slower economic growth, which is part of the Administration's recipe for battling inflation, might also help to improve the deplorable condition of cities by checking urban sprawl and pollution from autos and factories. But slowed growth exacts a toll from the poor. Another antidote...
...footnote in the slowly growing record of man's early history. But recent digs have turned up enough material to flesh out two rich chapters in that saga. At Sardis, in western Turkey, a Harvard-Cornell N.Y.U. group has uncovered what is believed to be one of King Croesus' fabled gold refineries. In the barren desert of southeastern Iran, archaeologists from Harvard's Peabody Museum have found evidence of an extinct Middle Eastern city that was conquered by Alexander the Great during the latter part of its 5,500-year existence...
...Bowls of Croesus. The search for Croesus' refinery began when Andrew Ramage, one of the Harvardmen on the expedition, noticed some oddly similar circular depressions in a clay floor near the site of a shrine built to Cybele, the goddess who protected ores and metals. Not far off was the Pactolus Torrent, which once was noted for its gold-rich sands. Moreover, slag similar to that produced in metal smelting rimmed the edges of the depressions. Ramage and his colleagues soon realized that they had stumbled on an ore refinery...
Careful digging revealed that the circular depressions were cupels, or metal-refining bowls. Unearthed with them were four furnaces, remnants of bellows, tiny bits of gold and gold alloys, and pottery fragments from the time (570-547 B.C.) when Croesus ruled the Lydian Empire in what is now western Turkey...