Word: crudely
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...paper criticizes U.S. News and other rankings for having unduly influenced the college admissions process, characterizing the admission and matriculation rates used in the magazine to measure selectivity as “crude proxies...
...China wasn't always so heavily dependent upon imported oil. The discovery in 1959 of the Daqing oil fields under the Manchurian grasslands meant the once largely agrarian country was for decades able to produce more crude than it required, a happy circumstance that the government celebrated as a political victory. "Study Daqing!" chanted legions of Red Guards during the 1966-76 Cultural Revolution, when the country's best-known "model worker" was Wang Jinxi, who was said to have plunged into a vat of Daqing oil during a freezing winter and stirred it with his body so it would...
...Leaders in Beijing want to avoid the fate of other oil-poor countries like South Korea, which buys all of its crude on the open market and is therefore exposed to sharp price rises. The way to do that is to invest in exploration and development in countries that have oil fields but lack the capital or technology to exploit them. Once Chinese companies have a stake in oil coming out of the ground, even if it originates abroad, they'll have secured long-term supplies independent of the world's fickle prices. The process of overseas exploration began...
...more direct link between oil fields in Russia and refineries in Daqing. The flow could supply as much as 15% of China's imports. During a visit to Moscow last month, Premier Wen Jiabao repeated China's entreaties but received no promises. In fact, Russia's only crude-oil supplier to China, the embattled Yukos, announced only days before Wen's arrival that it would cut off shipments to China. The move seemed designed to embarrass the Kremlin, but it underscored China's vulnerability. Meanwhile, Beijing's planned pipeline is in danger of being thwarted by its regional nemesis, Japan...
...Still, if China were to discover a major new oil field tomorrow, it takes years to bring production online. So for the next several years at least, China's import requirements will continue to put upward pressure on crude prices. In a report issued last week, the IEA warned that high oil prices will cool global economic growth next year?and China is expected to continue to be the main contributor to growth in oil demand. The IEA report noted, however, that high prices will "galvanize energy-saving efforts and fuel switching away from oil in China and other...