Word: cruder
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...layers were modern. Just below, he found tools and fragments of pottery from the "historic period" when Shanidar belonged to the Persians, the Assyrians, the Babylonians or the Turks. Below this layer, metal relics gradually disappeared. Stone tools took their place, and the pottery shards grew simpler and cruder. At four feet below the present floor, Solecki left the New Stone Age and passed in a couple of feet of digging into the Old Stone Age, which probably ended in Iraq about 10,000 years...
...basis of quantitative economic laws. For ten years he collected data, aided only by a single assistant. In order to have a manageable theory that could encompass the whole economy, and that could absorb the masses of detailed statistics already available, Leontief had to work with assumptions considerably cruder and more restrictive than most economists were willing to accept. He had to bet that the advantages of examining all industries at once would compensate for the lack of sublety. These advantages could not appear until the data was virtually complete; meanwhile, there was little to publish, little on which...
Many eye doctors were inclined to sniff at the optometrists' new chart, arguing that most such gadgets are crude at best, and the Snellen is no cruder than the rest. However, the last word may be the optometrists' : they give three times as many eyesight tests as the ophthalmologists...
...refuse from their shore dinners. Middens containing the handiwork of recent Indians are full of well-preserved shells. In middens containing fine stone blades (probably from the Folsom period), the lime of the shells is partly leached away. Middens that have lost all their lime have stone artifacts much cruder than the Folsom type. There are even older middens with only rough stone flakes and grinding slabs. These sometimes have two or three layers of clay that were probably formed at a time when the climate was rainier than it is today...
...covered with dark brown "desert varnish." No one is sure how this is formed or how long it takes to form, but Folsom-type spearheads found on the desert never show more than a trace of it. The crude weapons of simpler folk are often varnished thickly, and the cruder they are, the darker is the varnish. This is pretty good proof, Carter thinks, that the primitive artifacts must be very much older than the beautiful Folsom blades...