Word: crusting
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...Install now seismographic stations in many localities, with a view to studying strains on the crust of the earth and perhaps foretelling the exact location of the worst upheaval...
...Hartsough Mirror-Scales are said to be 100 times as sensitive as the Eoetvos Balance, an instrument now in common use which determines the gravitational pull of sections of the earth's crust. Oil-bearing crust, being light, exerts slightly less gravity pull; ore-bearing crust, slightly more...
...between one and 10 billion years" as estimated by timing the decomposition of uranium and other radioactive elements. Structure?a hades-hot metallic core, rigid as steel; then an envelope of viscous material, kept fluid by enormous pressure, not heat conducting, having faint tides, upon which the earth's ,crust "floats". The elasticity of the envelope which is 60 miles beneath the crust, and the core's rigidity, had been deduced from studying waves of force in earthquake shocks...
Isostasy. The earth's crust is not uniformly rigid, and a good thing, too. If it were, the stress of gravity would destroy the equilibrium of the spinning globe. The theoretic principle maintaining this equilibrium is called isostasy, manifest in earthquakes, or crust- shiftings. Earthquakes are thus a sort of blessing. To isostasy, these lines...
What is it rules the upper crust...