Word: crusts
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Upper Crust. Such problems did not seem to bother official Russia a bit. These days, whenever a rocket blasts off its pad, the flight is almost always as much a propaganda maneuver as it is a scientific adventure. But this time even the poorly organized and obviously inaccurate propaganda could do little damage to the towering scientific feat. Just two days after his trip, Yuri Gagarin got a hero's reception in Moscow. Red Square, the city's ceremonial center, was decked out in festive dress. Banners fluttered from tall silver flagpoles; streetcars, buses, autos, lampposts and buildings...
Gagarin arrived in a turboprop airliner escorted by a swarm of jet fighters. Along with his parents and Wife Valentina, the entire upper crust of the Soviet hierarchy was on hand to greet him. The nuzzling, the bear hug and the long kiss he got from Premier Khrushchev seemed even more active than Valentina's warm embrace. Other dignitaries greeted the cosmonaut in their turn. Then, in a column of flower-decked cars, the official party drove slowly toward Red Square and a 20-gun salute from Red artillerymen...
Target Mohole. This effort is part of Project Mohole, which will cost more than $20 million. It is backed by the National Science Foundation, and its goal is to drill clear through the earth's crust to the "Moho,"* the boundary between the comparatively light rocks of the crust and the much denser mantle, which extends downward for i ,800 miles and whose properties are largely unknown. Geophysicists are sure that even one hole drilled to the Moho will tell invaluable volumes about the history, structure, content and behavior of the earth...
...easiest place to start drilling would be on land, but unfortunately the crust under the continents and the oceanic islands is too thick (up to 20 miles) to be penetrated. Under many deep parts of the ocean the crust is only three miles thick-and for this reason the leaders of Project Mohole decided that the drilling should be done from a special ship floating in three miles of water. The ship cannot be held over the drill hole by anchor cables extending sideways. Such cables hang in curves and would yield too much to changes of pull from winds...
Jacob Meyer served two hectic terms with genuine distinction. There was little criticism directed at him. Most everybody was afraid to express criticism for fear of being accused of antiSemitism. Meyer's Administration broke the crust of old traditions and old prejudices. He left office on such a churning tide of democratic sentiment that he was able, miraculously, to pick his successor and have him elected against incredible odds: the first Negro President...