Word: cryostat
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...observations. If the instruments or their surroundings reach higher temperatures, then they start to emit infrared themselves, swamping faint emissions from cool celestial objects. That means operating at temperatures of minus 272.7 degrees Celsius (522.9 degrees Fahrenheit), just 0.3 degrees above absolute zero. To do that, they use a cryostat, a giant bottle filled with more than 528 gallons (2,000 L) of liquid helium, which evaporates at a constant rate and makes the instruments as sensitive as possible. (Watch TIME's video "The Final Shuttle to Hubble...
...heated rocks could drive power turbines before being condensed into drinking water. When lunar water is finally available in ample supply, it could even be used for rocket fuel. Moon technicians will decompose it into hydrogen and oxygen gases by electrolysis, then feed the gases into a lunar cryostat, a device that can reach extremely low temperatures during the chill lunar night without using power. The resulting products would be liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, familiar space-age fuels...
...side of the experimental hall, scientists have constructed one of the most important pieces of apparatus to be used in the C.E.A.'s experimental program: a liquid helium cryostat. This device will cool and liquify gases, principally hydrogen, for beam targets and bubble chambers. The bubble chambers are large jars of liquid hydrogen, and are used as tracking devices. Many short-lived, invisible particles leave a track of bubbles as they travel through the hydrogen. These tracks can be photographed and later studied...
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