Word: cryostat
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...observations. If the instruments or their surroundings reach higher temperatures, then they start to emit infrared themselves, swamping faint emissions from cool celestial objects. That means operating at temperatures of minus 272.7 degrees Celsius (522.9 degrees Fahrenheit), just 0.3 degrees above absolute zero. To do that, they use a cryostat, a giant bottle filled with more than 528 gallons (2,000 L) of liquid helium, which evaporates at a constant rate and makes the instruments as sensitive as possible. (Watch TIME's video "The Final Shuttle to Hubble...
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