Word: cryptanalyst
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...years ago and now has developed its own cadre of players, many of them convinced that it is far more profound than chess. Another board-and-counter game, Othello, sells well enough to indicate that its termites are nesting. Master Mind, a code-breaking game devised by an Israeli cryptanalyst, has its own fanatics. From Rumanian Jews in Israel comes a kind of gin rummy played with tiles, variously called Rummi-brick and Rummikub; one manufacturer in Korea has picked up the game and expects to ship 100,000 by the year's end to sell...
...time for a younger man to take over." The dean's extraordinary sense of obsolescence is no surprise to those who have followed his meteoric career. Manning raced through Yale College in two years at the head of his class, then mastered Japanese and became an Army cryptanalyst who helped break enemy codes during World War II. Later he graduated from the Yale Law School with highest honors, became a Yale law professor at the age of 33, and served as special assistant to the Under Secretary of State. In six years at Stanford, Manning has been instrumental...
...Caesar employed a cipher in which each character was replaced by one standing three places down the alphabet-thus D stood for a, E for b, F for c, etc. Mary Queen of Scots wrote conspiratory messages in cipher; when intercepted and interpreted by England's first great cryptanalyst, Thomas Phelippes, they helped bring Mary to the chopping block. In the U.S., Benedict Arnold employed several codes, including one that was keyed to Volume I of the fifth Oxford edition of Blackstone's Commentaries...
...expert cryptanalyst and the Sunday-puzzle expert alike rely on the fact that letters have their own personalities. As David Kahn writes: "To the casual observer, they may look as alike as troops lined up for inspection, but just as the sergeant knows his men as 'the gold-brick,' 'the kid,' 'the reliable soldier,' so the cryptanalyst knows the letters of the alphabet...
...cryptanalyst, ciphertext Y is also significant. In the cryptogram, it runs before N and never follows it; at the same time, it always follows H and never precedes it. This is the usual behavior of plaintext h: the diagraph he is commonplace, but eh is unusual; th is the most frequent diagraph of all, but ht less so. Therefore, in the cryptogram, Y=h and H should equal...