Word: crystallizer
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...Crystal Pass...
...ordinary electron tube, electrons "boil" off a heated filament into a high vacuum. There, unhampered by clogging air, they dance around obediently in response to electrical forces provided to act upon them. A transistor has no filament or vacuum, only a speck of hard germanium cut from a silvery crystal. But the mobile electrons are there, flashing through the empty channels between the ordered atoms of the crystal fragment...
...outer shell of its atom, germanium has four electrons. If the crystal were absolutely pure germanium, each of these electrons would be bound by a neighboring atom. But if an occasional atom of an impurity such as phosphorus, which has five outer electrons, is built into the crystal, one of its electrons is not bound, and so is free to move around. If the impurity is an element with only three outer electrons, there is a "hole" into which electrons from germanium can move under certain conditions. Every time an electron moves into one hole, a new hole is left...
...lecture hall, and chemical laboratories. But Chemistry Departments inmates clammored for more space and in 1871, the University raised Boylston's roof to construct a third floor for more laboratories. When growing pains produced a glass-roofed extension of the basement, students referred to the addition as the "Crystal Palace...
...year 1923 marked a low in Boylston's reputation when a committee of Harvard graduates said that "its present state of dilapidation is almost beyond belief." But only five years later, Boylston was completely renovated. The University bindery moved into the "Crystal Palace" from Widener (where it was a fire Menace), the History I library was installed, and newly-constructed stacks held most of the present Chinese-Japanese library...