Word: cuba
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Rome, Barcelona, Paris and Caracas, ending up in Cuba, where he befriended Fidel Castro and worked for his press agency...
...another interruption, Bundy explained that a decisive objection to choosing the air strike alternative, rather than the imposition of a quarantine--the option that was taken--was that there was "nothing surgical about it. In fact, both the patient [Cuba] and doctor [The U.S.] could have died." But quarantine and blockade served a double function, he said. They demonstrated U.S. determination and delayed an immediate Soviet reply...
...Economic Sanctions (Harvard University Center for International Affairs; $9.95 paperback), a timely new historical survey by British Diplomat Robin Renwick. The book dispassionately examines numerous episodes of economic warfare, including the League of Nations trade restrictions against Italy following its 1935 invasion of Ethiopia and the U.S. embargo of Cuba after Castro came to power in 1959. As a former head of the Rhodesia department of the British Foreign Office, Renwick brings particular insight to his discussion of the 13-year United Nations effort to topple Rhodesia's white government through a trade embargo...
Renwick's study shows that sanctions can seriously damage the economy of a target nation. Italy's exports fell about 35% after the League of Nations action. Rhodesia's tobacco farmers, heavily dependent on sales abroad, suffered a two-thirds cut in their income. Cuba's economy stalled in part because the country could not obtain spare parts for American-made machinery...
...avoided economic collapse by rerouting their trade through sympathetic allies or neutrals. Italy bought vital oil supplies from the U.S., which was not a member of the League of Nations. Rhodesia funneled chrome shipments and other exports through South Africa and Mozambique, where they were resold to other countries. Cuba eased its economic troubles by accepting aid from the Soviet Union...