Word: cunhal
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Scares' Socialists, punished by the voters for their dilatory performance while in power, got only 27% of the vote, vs. 35% in 1976. Although the share of the vote won by the Alliance parties was up by 4%, substantial gains were posted by Alvaro Cunhal's pro-Moscow Communists, whose share grew from 14.6% to 19%, reflecting increasing influence not only in industrialized Lisbon but also in the conservative, Roman Catholic north. With the next election due in the fall of 1980, Sa Carneiro must prove quickly that his government can do better than its predecessors in coping...
From the first, Soares had insisted on governing without political alliances. Any compromise, he feared, would further polarize the country's politics. A leftist front involving Alvaro Cunhal's Communists, the most rigid, undemocratic Stalinist party in Western Europe, would alienate the conservative north and scare off sorely needed Western capital. But an attempt to form a coalition with the Social Democrats and the C.D.S.-which Soares last week castigated as "parties of the extreme right"-would have alienated his own party's rank and file. Meanwhile, the Socialists had the unenviable task of trying to right...
...formula worked fairly well for a while. A skillful tactician, Scares secured support from Alvaro Cunhal's Communists on such important measures as regulating strikes, then turned around and gained the backing of Francisco Sa Carneiro's centrist Social Democrats (P.S.D.) and Diogo Freitas do Amaral's rightist Social Democratic Center (C.D.S.) on a Communist-opposed bill that permits the firing of workers for cause...
Such poverty provided a fertile ground for Communism as far back as the 1930s. Party Leader Alvaro Cunhal, 62, spent many years in the Communist underground there organizing farm workers. Through the clandestinely published party newspaper Avante, which was surreptitiously dropped on doorsteps at night, the party organized a series of strikes in the 1950s−then a daring affront to the Salazar regime...
After the 1974 revolution, Cunhal returned to the Alentejo to receive one of his warmest public welcomes. The latifundiarios (large landowners) got the message quickly. Some fled to Brazil, and their workers took over the unoccupied lands. Others were forcibly evicted. In one incident that has come to be called "the Great Cattle War," some workers were about to sell a landowner's cows when the owner caught them and beat them up. The army was called in, and soon the cows were under military protection in a barracks. Eventually, the military turned them over to the local agrarian...