Word: cutters
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...blackboard seemed to loom over the auditorium at California's Department of Public Health in Berkeley. It also loomed over the nation. For the blackboard charted every case of polio that had developed after use of vaccine made by Berkeley's Cutter Laboratories; it listed the date and site of vaccination, date of symptoms' onset, location of paralysis, age and sex-but not the name-of victims. As the week went on, the impersonal box score grew. The Salk vaccine still meant to most people what it had the week before-banishment of a crippling disease...
...Public Health Service made a hurried check. All reported cases of polio among vaccinated children were youngsters who had received vaccine made by the Cutter Laboratories. This raised the agonizing possibility that a batch of vaccine had gone through with some live virus in it. Like all vaccines, the Salk preparation contains germs of the disease that it is meant to fight. In the Salk process, these virus particles are killed, with formaldehyde, so that they cannot keep the power to infect (but retain the power to help the system build antibodies). Although this apparently did not happen...
Every batch of Cutter vaccine has been recalled. The shipping room at the Cutter Laboratories is not shipping anything: instead, it is piled high with boxes full of bright red vaccine, being returned for testing from all over the U.S. The job will take weeks. As for the children already vaccinated, the evidence might be almost as long in coming. The incubation period-when polio virus can be multiplying in the human body without causing detectable symptoms-varies from three to 35 days. And the vaccine does not begin to be effective (that is, to develop antibodies against the multiplication...
What of Non-Cutter Vaccine? Weighing the evidence, the Public Health Service faced a tough decision. Paralytic cases seemed to follow the Cutter vaccine: to Idaho, Washington state and even to Denver. At the same time, there were thousands of children who had got Cutter vaccine without developing polio. But the PHS took the only course it could for safety's sake: it forbade further use of Cutter vaccine anywhere until the life-and-death question was answered. Federal virologists were painstakingly checking the Cutter Laboratories. Said Vaccine-Maker Robert Cutter: "We don't believe that they...
...Cutter Laboratories, Berkeley, Calif.; Eli Lilly Co. and Pitman-Moore, Indianapolis; Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit; Sharp & Dohme and Wyeth Laboratories, Inc., Philadelphia...