Word: cyclotron
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...Jolla (pronounced La Hoya), Cal oceanographers study the depths of the Pacific, and at Lick Observatory on Mt. Hamilton, Cal astronomers scan the stars. The university operates the atom-bomb city of Los Alamos, N.Mex. It owns ranches, waterworks, apartment buildings, forests, and the world's biggest cyclotron. On its 10,000 acres grow tomatoes, peaches, oranges, olives, avocados, alfalfa. A man can get frostbite or burn to a crisp without leaving university premises. The university employs 12,000 professors, janitors, secretaries and swineherds. It will spend $36,990,000 this year to run its eight campuses...
...that the U.S. had allocated funds to research on atomic energy. The Germans quickly set up their own project. But, says Heisenberg: "Public interest in the problems of atomic physics was negligibly small between the years 1933 and 1939." [the Nazi prewar period]. Germany had no cyclotron, and only two "adequately equipped laboratories." Lacking proper tools, her physicists were seriously handicapped...
...been frittered away. The Clinton Laboratories pop them into stainless steel and lead containers (weighing up to 1,600 Ibs.) and speed them by truck to the Knoxville airport. Prices vary widely. Carbon 14, one of the big sellers, costs $50 per millicurie* (if made by the old-fashioned cyclotron method, it would cost $1,000,000). In the past year Oak Ridge made 1,092 shipments to 161 U.S. users, none to foreign countries...
...Oxford Street, in a job which Edward Reynolds '15, administrative vice president of the University, called a "normal expansion," workmen are laying larger electrical cables necessary to carry the increased lead caused by the new cyclotron and other scientific apparatus in nearby buildings...
Sample smash: an arsenic atom (atomic weight: 75) had 21 particles knocked off by a single blow, and was reduced to radioactive cobalt (atomic weight: 54). When the new cyclotron bombarded an oxygen atom (atomic weight: 16) with neutrons, the light atom split into five pieces (see cut; the arrows point to the five-way split of the oxygen atom, the streaks indicate the path of atomic chips...