Word: cytoplasmic
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...cells of living organisms have "executive" and "operative" parts. The cytoplasm performs chemical and other duties. The nucleus in the cell's center acts like a board of directors, telling the cytoplasm what...
Biologists are sure that some influence analogous to executive orders, moves from the nucleus to the obedient cytoplasm but the nature of the influence is a mystery. Last week at a Manhattan meeting of the National Academy of Sciences Professor Arthur W. Pollister of Columbia University showed electron microscope pictures of a frog's egg cell. Magnified 24,000 diameters, the membrane of the nucleus looks solid, but poking through it are rod-shaped objects. Dr. Pollister suspects that they are chemical memos ordering the egg to develop into a tadpole rather than into a mouse or a whale...
...Williams pointed out that study of mitochondria has provided the bio-chemist with his first tangible evidence of the organization of enzyme systems within the cytoplasm of living cells. This work is facilitated by the use of the electron microscope...
Most cytologists (cell scientists) had believed that the virus multiplies in the protoplasm which surrounds the nerve cell's nucleus, much as the white of an egg enfolds the yolk. Not so, the Yale researchers found: the virus invades the nucleus itself as well as the cytoplasm. Apparently it multiplies within the nucleus and, while there, competes with the host cell for the nourishing nucleoproteins which are manufactured in the nucleus...