Word: cytoplasmic
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...first published his observations of a common feature he saw in fast-growing tumors: unlike healthy cells, which generate energy by metabolizing sugar in their mitochondria, cancer cells appeared to fuel themselves exclusively through glycolysis, a less-efficient means of creating energy through the fermentation of sugar in the cytoplasm. Warburg believed that this metabolic switch was the primary cause of cancer, a theory that he strove, unsuccessfully, to establish until his death...
...squeezing technique he pioneered to remove the egg's nucleus; the process may have actually left behind enough genetic material for the egg to spontaneously divide. "As the egg starts to mature, [these elements] migrate and after about an hour, you can remove 30% of a primate's egg cytoplasm, for example, and not successfully remove the entire nucleus," says James Byrne, a stem cell postdoctoral fellow at Stanford University who studies parthenogenesis in primates...