Word: czarist
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...beginning of this century, the waves of immigrants from czarist Russia, Poland and the Austro-Hungarian Empire put a salvationist mark on Israel "as indelible," Elon suggests, "as that imprinted by the Pilgrim Fathers in the early stages of the American Republic." Counting 102 countries of origin for the 2,500,000 Israelis in 1970, the author writes: "Ethnically, Israelis may be a hybrid; as political creatures, they are children of 19th century Europe." Aglow with humanitarian socialism, Zionists also dreamed of a morally perfect society rather than just one more chauvinistic nation-state. They discovered their image of Utopia...
...drab Polish industrial city of Lodz has a tradition of defiance dating back to the 1890s, when the city's textile workers staged violent demonstrations against the Russian czarist occupiers. Last week Lodz once again showed its rebellious spirit as 10,000 textile workers, most of them women, went on strike. Their action was a warning to the regime of Party Leader Edward Gierek, who succeeded Wladyslaw Gomulka in December after bloody workers' demonstrations against higher food prices and a cut in earnings...
...Army may travel on its stomach, but defeat or victory rides on the generals' epaulets. The Sukhomlinov Effect -named after the sartorially smashing but strategically stumbling World War I Czarist War Minister, V.A. Sukhomlinov-suggests that the winners wear the least flashy uniforms. In the current issue of Horizon, Scholars Roger Beaumont and Bernard J. James review the dress of military leaders from bedraggled American colonists to pajamaed Viet Cong. With the exception of the drably turned-out forces on both sides of the Korean War, the gaudier the officers, the surer the defeat. Jump-suited Churchill was ordained...
...last week, the nation stood in silent prayer as air-raid sirens sounded for two electrifying minutes. On Israeli radio. Premier Golda Meir, in a low, emotion-choked voice, charged that "the present Russian regime is continuing in the tradition of murdering innocent Jews that was common in Czarist Russia...
Still, the Russians are proud of their free medical system, and with good reason. In czarist Russia, the average life expectancy was 32 years; one-fourth of all babies failed to reach their first birthdays. Few of the country's major medical facilities survived World War II. Today, medical care has raised life expectancy for Soviet men to 65 years, for women to 73. Infant mortality has been reduced to 2.6%. The U.S.S.R. now has 104 hospital beds per 10,000 people...