Word: czarists
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...indisputable achievements of Soviet Russia-in space, science, education, industrial growth-have been amply chronicled in an unprecedented anniversary outpouring. From feudal czarist Russia the heirs of Marx and Lenin have created a modern state that trails only the U.S. in power and production. Moreover, though no country has ever freely elected a Communist government, they have managed to impose their ideology on one-third of the earth's population, about one billion people...
Died. Prince Felix Youssoupoff, 80, gentlemanly assassin of Czarist Russia's "Mad Monk," Rasputin; of a stroke; in Paris. Heir to one of his nation's greatest fortunes (an estimated $350 million), Youssoupoff plotted with other noblemen in 1916 to murder Rasputin because of his hypnotic hold on the Czarina. As the Prince told it, he lured the holy man to his palace, where it took a combination of cyanide, five bullets and a bludgeoning to accomplish the deed. A refugee in France after the Revolution, Youssoupoff fought several court battles over its dramatization. Most recently he lost...
...White Nights." For most tourists, Leningrad, the old czarist capital of St. Petersburg and cradle of the Revolution, with its superb setting on the Neva River, is the handsomest city in the Soviet Union. Number one draw is the Hermitage Museum, which contains a dazzling art collection of nearly 3,000,000 works that includes a whole room of Rembrandts, and the world's finest assemblage of Gauguins, Matisses and early Picassos. Two other great sights: the Peter and Paul Fortress housing the tombs of all the Romanovs from Peter the Great to Alexander III (except Peter...
...Replay. It was dollars, not army divisions, that thwarted Stalin's hopes of a czarist replay. Over the four years from April 2, 1948, when the U.S. Congress overwhelmingly enacted Marshall Plan legislation, until June 30, 1952, when the last shipments of matériel and talent-ranging from vitamins to valuta, feed grains to corporate planners-reached the Continent, the U.S. had pumped $13.5 billion into 16 European nations,* an amount that averaged a bit more than 1% of the U.S.'s gross national product each year. The major beneficiaries were Great Britain ($3.2 billion), France...
...more than seven centuries, both freedom and democracy eluded Finland, which silently submitted to the rule of its giant neighbors-first Sweden and then, after 1809, Czarist Russia. After revolution toppled the Czar in 1917, the Bolsheviks repudiated imperialism and granted Finland its demand for independence. Civil war broke out when Bolshevik followers tried to seize power in the newly independent state, and ended only when Mannerheim defeated the Communists and installed a democratic regime that excluded them-a victory that left a legacy of left-right hostility that still plagues the country...