Word: czechoslovakias
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Czechoslovakia's Party Boss Antonín Novotný rose to the top in 1953-the year of Stalin's death-but never quite adjusted to the Kremlin's new softer line or Eastern Europe's post-Stalin era of liberalization. Only a few months ago, he severely warned the country's intellectuals that he would never tolerate "the spread of liberalism" or any other contaminating Western ideology. In turn, Czechoslovakia never really adjusted to Novotný. Recently, an increasingly vocal opposition to his hardlining ways percolated right up to the innermost circles...
...only a temporary save; not even the Kremlin wanted to openly defy the groundswell of popular disenchantment with Novotný in Czechoslovakia. Last week the party's 200-man plenum, the Central Committee, met and declared the end for Novotný. Though its communiqué allowed him to "resign" and mechanically praised his accomplishments, the plenum fired Novotný as party leader, the country's most powerful post, leaving him only in the figurehead role of President. Into Novotný's place stepped the man who engineered the ouster. He is Alexander...
Last-Minute Attempt. Novotný had desperately tried to save himself at the last moment by adopting a far more conciliatory line. In his New Year's message last week, he made important concessions to Czechoslovakia's restive Slovaks and promised rebellious Czech students and writers that he would permit the use of "progressive" ideas, even if they came from the West. For added effect, he also hinted that he would let the country's economic reformers resume their experiments with profits and price incentives to get the stalled economy moving again. It was a major turnabout...
Aroused to Challenge. If U.S. police officials sometimes suspect Communist influence behind student protests, it comes as no surprise that Communist leaders in Czechoslovakia saw "capitalist agitators" behind a protest march by students of the Technical University of Prague. Actually, they were merely fed up with continual breakdowns in heating and lighting on their campus, caused mainly by rats chewing through electrical insulation...
...welcomed." France's Claude Lelouch (A Man and a Woman) has been signed to a multipicture contract at United Artists, as has Polanski at Paramount. The Iron Curtain countries are a continuing source of new talent, and Hollywood studios have dangled fat contracts before Czechoslovakia's Jan Radar, who made Shop on Main Street. Even the customarily aloof Antonioni has become part of the new Hollywood; his next film, Zabriskie Point, will be financed by MGM and shot in the Southwest. It will be, he says, about violence...